During the Knoxville campaign of 1863, Confederate Gen. James Longstreet moved from Chattanooga against Union Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside’s garrison at Knoxville, pursued Burnside into the city, and besieged it until withdrawing on December 4 as Gen. William T. Sherman approached with 25,000 men after Union victories at Chattanooga. Early in September 1863, when Burnside occupied Knoxville, Capt. Samuel H. Lunt established his headquarters in the Mabry-Hazen House. Owner Joseph A. Mabry, a strong Confederate supporter, signed an oath of loyalty to the United States during the Federal occupation, while Union troops built fortifications on his property and Laura C. Mabry later sketched the earthworks that crossed the tract. Mabry’s Hill became the eastern anchor of the Union defensive network north of the Holston River, and after the Battle of Knoxville in November 1863, Burnside named nearby works Fort Hill for Capt. John W. Hill of the 12th Kentucky Cavalry, who died in the fighting. At the foot of Mabry’s Hill, Bethel Cemetery was later established with the remains of more than 1,600 Confederate soldiers, including those killed in the November 29 assault on Fort Sanders, though most of the dead had died of disease in camps and military hospitals around Knoxville; it also holds about fifty prisoners and twenty veterans who died after the war, and the names of 1,465 men appear on the undertaker’s list. In 1892, the Ladies’ Memorial Association dedicated a Confederate monument in the cemetery. The Italianate-style house, completed for Joseph Alexander Mabry II and Laura Churchwell Mabry three years before the war, reflects the Civil War’s impact on Knoxville’s home front: Joseph Mabry had received the honorary title of General for donating an estimated $100,000 to equip local Confederate soldiers, Confederate Gen. Felix Zollicoffer used the house as headquarters in 1861, and a Confederate supply depot and protective garrison also occupied the property.