Canyon Lake Gorge in Texas is a limestone gorge about one mile long, hundreds of yards wide, and more than fifty feet deep, dramatically exposed in 2002 when major flooding on the Guadalupe River sent water over the Canyon Lake spillway and stripped away covering sediment. The flood revealed rock layers as old as 111 million years, fossils, and dinosaur tracks, while also creating springs, waterfalls, pools, and habitat for aquatic life. Because scientists know the flood conditions so well, the gorge became an important case study in rapid canyon formation and was later managed for education, research, and protected public access.