The West Vivian Tunnel, built about 1907 by the Norfolk and Western Railway and named for a small unincorporated community east of Kimball, was excavated through sandstone of the Pocahontas Formation and lined with about 30 inches of concrete. During the Heartland Corridor project, it was modified to allow passage of double-stacked shipping containers by notching most of the tunnel liner, replacing parts of the liner near the west portal, making minor changes to horizontal clearance, and improving drainage. The broader Heartland Corridor rail clearance project made tunnels, bridges, and terminals along the Norfolk Southern rail line between the Port of Virginia and Columbus, Ohio, and other Midwestern destinations able to handle double-stacked cargo containers. Funded by the federal government, state agencies in Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio, and Norfolk Southern Corporation, the project increased vertical clearance in 28 tunnels, cleared 24 other overhead obstructions, and modified 5.7 miles of tunnel. Construction began in October 2007 and was completed in September 2010, and the work underscored the continued importance of rail transportation to the nation’s economy.