On August 2, 1832, the Black Hawk War effectively ended when the U.S. military massacred many followers of Sauk leader Black Hawk at the Battle of Bad Axe, about 35 miles north of here. Black Hawk, known as Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, his advisor The Prophet, and some of his followers escaped north to a Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) village near Prairie La Crosse, where One-Eyed Decorah, Chasja-ka, and other Ho-Chunk persuaded the fugitives to surrender to American authorities. They traveled down the Mississippi River to Prairie du Chien, where Black Hawk and The Prophet were delivered to U.S. Indian Agent Gen. Joseph Street. Dressed in white deerskin clothing provided by the Ho-Chunk, Black Hawk formally surrendered to Gen. Street on August 27, 1832, was briefly imprisoned at Fort Crawford under Col. Zachary Taylor, and was then transported by Lt. Jefferson Davis to Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis, where he remained imprisoned until the following spring, when President Andrew Jackson ordered his release.