In 1850, Parley P. Pratt, a Mormon leader and explorer, discovered large deposits of iron ore and coal in this vicinity, leading Brigham Young to plan immediate colonization and development of the entire Southern Utah area. Parowan was established January 13, 1851 as the center of one of the most extensive industrial developments undertaken by the Mormon Pioneers. Following the typical colonization plan, this section was designated as the agricultural base, with some pioneers assigned to farming, stockraising, home building, and other necessary occupations. Others, principally English, Welsh and Scottish emigrants skilled in mining, smelting and iron working, were located at Cedar City, 19 miles south, nearer the iron and coal deposits. During most of that first winter, the settlers—117 men, 30 women and 18 children—lived in wagon beds placed in rows on the ground. Four days after its founding, Parowan became the county seat of Iron County, and legislative, judicial, county and town officers were elected. Shortly thereafter, other settlements were located wherever suitable places could be found.