Upper Black Creek Church, one of the true pioneer churches of Wiregrass Georgia, was constituted on August 15, 1802 as an evangelical outpost in the frontier wilderness. From the time it was organized until 1957, it met each month on the third Sunday and Saturday before, then elected to meet every Sunday. Conference was held monthly on those Saturdays, and new members were received only during regular conferences. Baptisms took place in Big Black Creek or millponds. Church discipline was serious and certain, with the most common infractions being non-attendance, drunkenness, and unchristian conduct; forgiveness was frequent, and only the unrepentant were turned out. Multiple ministers usually preached on Saturday afternoon and Sunday morning, and services often lasted for several hours. The first pastor, Isham Peacock, was ordained in the same service in which the church was constituted, and the presbytery consisted of Henry Hocombe, John Goldwire, and Henry Cook. Other pastors were John Albritton, Nathaniel Melton, Matthew Abritton, Henry Melton, Robert Donaldson, James Denmark, William M. Groover Sr., William S. Moore, John G. Williams, Millard F. Stubbs, and James L. Smith. Earliest members included James and Mary Bennett, William and Sophia Bragg, James and Nancy Denmark, David and Jane Goodman, Thomas and Martha Jones, George and Cynthia Lewis, Jordan and Sarah Lewis, Abraham and Ann Roberts, and William and Mary Woodcock. It stood on Rebel Road, a colonial highway dating from the 1780s that became known as Mud Road in the early 1800s because wagon and cattle traffic and several stream crossings kept it wet and muddy. The church belonged first to the Savannah River and later to the Sunbury and Hephzibah Baptist Associations. From its members came Baptist evangelists including Isham Peacock, John Albritton, Matthew Albritton, Henry Melton, Jesse Goodman, Ryan Friar, William M. Groover Sr., and Millard F. Stubbs, and churches that came out of it included Lower Black Creek, Beards Creek, Poplar Springs, Union, Lanes, DeLoach, Old Fellowship, New Hope-colored, Statesboro, Middleground, and Red Hill. It was eminent in the movement opposed to corporate Missionism and sent William Groover and Malachi Denmark to the 1829 Limestone Convention in Washington County, where the Canoochee Primitive Baptist Association was organized and the convention came to define the Primitive Baptists in Georgia. Its first meeting-house was a frontier log structure erected in early 1803 on the south side of Mud Road by David Goodman. In 1835 his grandson John Goodman built the first sawn-lumber public building in Bulloch County as a new meeting-house on the present site. That building was damaged beyond repair in the Hurricane of 1884, the new church built in 1885 was later replaced, and a modern sanctuary was built in 1973.