Puye Cliff Dwellings are the remains of a large ancestral Pueblo settlement in Santa Clara Canyon on Santa Clara Pueblo land near Española, New Mexico. Founded in the late 1200s or early 1300s and abandoned by about 1600, the complex includes cliff dwellings, cave rooms, and surface structures cut into soft volcanic tuff along a 200-foot cliff and on the mesa above. As settlement in the region shifted from dispersed farmsteads to larger villages, as many as 1,500 Pueblo people lived here between 900 and 1580 before drought pushed the community toward the Rio Grande valley. The site is also notable for a pioneering 1907 archaeological excavation and its continuing connection to Santa Clara Pueblo descendants.