South Middleton Township lies on the southern side of the Cumberland Valley in the shadow of South Mountain. Its natural beauty, rich farmland, abundant water resources, and historical and recreational assets have attracted residents and visitors for several centuries. South Middleton Township was formed in November 1810, when Middleton Township, created in 1750, was divided into North Middleton and South Middleton. In the 19th century, the area was primarily agricultural, with only one major village, Boiling Springs, and several smaller settlements. The 20th century brought a gradual transformation from a rural township to a more populated area that included about forty housing developments and a number of commercial and industrial sites. Many scenic and natural areas, as well as historic sites, have been preserved for the future. The township offers recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, boating, and cycling, with the Appalachian Trail and a network of township roads, trails, and municipal parks providing ample opportunities for all.