U.S. Navy submarines paid heavily for their success in World War II. A total of 374 officers and 3,131 men were aboard 52 U.S. submarines still on patrol: Albacore, Amerjack, Arconaut, Barbel, Bonefish, Bullhead, Capelin, Cisco, Corvina, Darter, Dorado, Escolar, Flier, Colet, Crampus, Greatback, Grayling, Grenadier, Growler, Grunion, Gudceon, Harder, Herring, Kete, Lacarto, Perch, Pickerel, Pompano, Robalo, Runner, R-12, Scamp, Scorpion, Sculpin, Sealion, Seawolf, Shark I, Shark II, Snook, Swordfish, S-26, S-27, S-28, S-34, S-44, Tang, Trigger, Trout, Tullibee, and Wahoo. Fleet Admiral C. W. Nimitz said that submarines held the lines against the enemy while fleets replaced losses and repaired wounds. Vice Admiral C. A. Lockwood, Jr., Commander Submarine Force from 1943 to 1946, said they went down fighting and that the brothers who survived them took a grim toll on the enemy to avenge their deaths.