Fort Riley, established as Camp Center in 1852, was visited in 1859 by New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley as he traveled by stagecoach to the Pike's Peak region to test reports of gold discoveries. Greeley wrote that two millions of Uncle Sam's money had been spent on the fort's snug arrangements and that the oats consumed there had often cost three dollars per bushel. The famous Seventh U.S. cavalry was organized at Fort Riley in 1865, with George A. Custer second in command, and Riley remained a cavalry post through World War II, though by the early 1940's fuel-burning engines had replaced oats-eating horses. Marshall Field, one of the army's oldest airports, was the place where a young lieutenant in 1912 dropped colored cards from his aircraft to direct artillery practice, using iron nuts as weights and a stovepipe as the bomb chute; that lieutenant was H.H. "Hap" Arnold, who became commanding general of the USAAF in World War II. Junction City, founded in 1857, has been an army town since its inception.