Greenfield, Ohio, began with Duncan McArthur leading a surveying party there in 1796 and laying out the town in 1799, followed by the first road, inn, justice of the peace, and a ferry across Paint Creek. Early development included a rope factory, grist mill, a school in a log home, the formation of Highland County, a county militia, a school building, a tannery, Travellers Rest, a post office, and the arrival of the first stage coach. By 1822, the town had a population of 250, one church, two stores, wool carding, a tannery, four taverns, a blacksmith, and a cabinetmaker. Greenfield became a center of reform and transportation with the founding of the Abolitionist Society of Paint Valley in 1833, aid to Frederick Douglass, increasing Underground Railroad passengers, a covered bridge over Paint Creek, sidewalks, incorporation in 1841, a hotel, newspaper, fire department, and later railroad connections. Civic growth continued through the 19th century with an agriculture society and fair, a bank, a town hall funded by tax levy but redirected during the Civil War to equip Company K, construction of a jail and Central School, a local women's raid on saloons in 1865, the first high school graduation, additional rail connections, and the dedication of Town Hall. Industrial and public improvements followed, including Edward Lee McClain's horse collar pad design, an iron bridge, electric lights, telephone service, a stone chapel, a full-time fire department, and military service in the Spanish American War. In the 20th century, Greenfield organized National Guard units, established Chautauqua Park, dedicated a Civil War monument, watched Wright brothers airplane flights, paved streets, dedicated McClain High School, exhibited an automobile, opened a hospital, completed an elementary building, dedicated an armory, and opened a talking movie theater. The town experienced national wars from World War I through the War on Terrorism, marked milestones such as its sesquicentennial and bicentennial, built Rocky Fork Lake and Paint Creek Lake, dedicated a bell tower, reconstructed Traveller's Rest, saw the last passenger train leave the B and O station, built Imagination Kingdom Playground with 1000 volunteers in five days, renovated Town Square, linked to the Internet, and renovated Town Hall in 2002, while its population grew from 250 in 1822 to 5,107 in 2000.