From a population of 2,612 in 1860, Jackson County sent more than 100 soldiers into the Civil War, including M.K. Simons, a Mexican War amputee who served as brigade quartermaster of the 2nd Texas Infantry, C.S.A., despite being an infantryman on a crutch. Its officers included Capt. C.L. Owen, a veteran of the Texas Revolution and the Mexican War, who was killed at Shiloh in 1862. Units composed chiefly of Jackson County men included Company D, 1st Texas Cavalry, Company K, 2nd Texas Infantry, and Company M, 27th Texas Cavalry, Whitfield's Legion. Jackson County men also served in other units, including the Confederate Marines and Terry's Texas Rangers, and saw much of the war's greatest action.