Bead Hill

Bead Hill, on the Rouge River in Toronto’s Rouge Park, is the only known intact 17th-century Seneca site in Canada. Likely one of seven Iroquois villages established along Lake Ontario’s north shore in the 1660s, it may be the documented village of Ganatsekwyagon, occupied from 1665 to 1687 by perhaps 500 to 800 people. Positioned at major trade and travel routes, it seems to have served chiefly as a fur-trading outlet and became entangled in competition among the French, British, Iroquois, and other trading partners. Deserted after the 1687 conflicts, it remains a rare surviving record of Seneca presence and early trade in the Toronto area.

Ontario · Canada