MILITARY · HISTORICAL MARKER
"…The most dreadful scene I have ever beheld."
Military
1
Facing west toward the direction of Wayne’s retreat, the American column’s escape was delayed for several minutes by a disabled cannon as the British advanced to Picket #3. Wayne placed the 1st Pennsylvania in a strip of woods to support the picket, but in the dark they mistakenly fired at Picket #3 and exposed their own position. As they reloaded, British Light Infantry charged with bayonets and drove the 1st Pennsylvania back into the camp, where the British saw the stalled column silhouetted by campfires. The British then charged the camp as frightened men tried to form, and the rear of the American column was surrounded. Some Continentals fired volleys while others panicked and ran, and in the crush men in the rear pressed on those in front as a narrow passage on the left caused many casualties. The area of the gravesite on the fenced property line had the greatest concentration of casualties. Panic deepened when British Dragoons crossed the camp followed by the 44th Regiment, and although strong resistance was made at the fences, many suffered there. A third wave of 600 Scottish Highlanders swept across the field without breaking ranks, bayoneting everyone in their path and setting the booths on fire, with some of the enemy refusing to come out and choosing the flames over the bayonet. Most of Wayne’s force escaped and rendezvoused the following day at Red Lion Tavern [Lionville], nine miles west of here. American casualties totaled between 250 and 300, including nearly 80 prisoners, many wounded multiple times, while British losses were one officer and two or three men killed and one officer and 8-20 men wounded.
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