Since World War II, the President has not asked Congress for a declaration of war, but United States armed forces have been in combat in a series of smaller conflicts. In Cuba in 1961, the U.S. orchestrated the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion, an unsuccessful attempt by Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist regime. In the Dominican Republic in 1965, President Lyndon Johnson sent marines and troops to quash a leftist uprising because he feared the country might follow Cuba and turn communist. In Lebanon in 1982, U.S. troops joined a multinational peacekeeping force to help the fragile Lebanese government maintain power in a politically volatile country; in 1983, 241 U.S. Marines and 60 French soldiers were killed by a truck bomb, and the force withdrew in 1984. In Grenada in 1983, President Ronald Reagan invaded the Caribbean island nation to overthrow its socialist government, which had close ties with Cuba, and a U.S. peacekeeping force remained until 1985. In Panama in 1989, President George H. W. Bush invaded and overthrew Panamanian dictator and drug-smuggler Manuel Noriega, who was later tried, convicted on a number of charges, and imprisoned in the United States. In the Gulf War in Kuwait and Iraq in 1991, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and a U.S.-led multinational force came to Kuwait's aid and swiftly expelled Saddam Hussein's forces. In Somalia in 1993, a U.S.-led multinational force attempted to restore order so food could be distributed within the famine-stricken country. In Haiti in 1994, after President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was ousted in a 1991 coup, a U.S. invasion restored him to power. In Bosnia from 1994 to 1995, during the Bosnian civil war that began shortly after the country's 1992 declaration of independence, the U.S. launched air strikes to prevent ethnic cleansing and became part of NATO's peacekeeping force in the region. In Kosovo in 1999, a U.S.-led NATO force intervened with air strikes after Serbian forces uprooted the population and embarked on ethnic cleansing of Kosovo's ethnic Albanian population.