In 1943, a joint military and civilian laboratory was established at this location in the former Los Alamos Ranch School buildings. Led by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer as Laboratory Director of Los Alamos Laboratory from 1942-1945 and General Leslie R. Groves as Commanding General of the Manhattan Engineer District from 1942-1946, the partnership of two gifted World War II leaders won the wartime race to build an atomic bomb. A mere 28 months later, the men and women of Los Alamos had conceived, designed, developed, built, tested, and fielded the world's first atomic bombs.