Confederates in Tennessee under Gen. E. Kirby Smith planned an invasion of the Blue Grass area, and finding Cumberland Gap protected, they entered through Rogers' Gap heading to Lexington. US Gen. Wm. Nelson sent Gens. M.D. Manson and Charles Cruft to oppose the invasion, and the two armies, US 7,000 and CSA 5,000, confronted each other 6 mi. below Richmond. On Aug. 30, 1862, CSA forces repulsed the enemy in three separate engagements as Confederate Gens. T. Churchill and P. Cleburne and Cols. P. Smith and John Scott led battles at Mt. Zion Church, White's Farm, and at Richmond. The total dead, wounded, and missing of both sides was 5,804, the Federals retreated and scattered, and the CSA moved on to Lexington.