Before white men entered this region in the late 19th century, nomadic Apache, Comanche, and Kiowa Indians followed the buffalo from water hole to water hole. A favorite Indian camp was at a spring five miles west, near which the Springlake headquarters of the XIT Ranch were located in the 1890s. William Electious Halsell purchased the Springlake Division in 1901. Halsell and his son, Ewing Halsell, established the 300,000-acre Mashed O Ranch in 1902. When the economic base of the High Plains began to shift from ranching to farming, and other large ranches were being sold for the plow, the Halsells in 1923 offered a portion of their land for sale to new settlers. The sale of fertile rangelands attracted many farmers from the Midwest, where land prices were soaring. The Halsell family selected this site for a new settlement in August 1924, built a hotel, cotton gin, and school, and named it Fairlawn. When the post office opened in 1925, the names Fairlawn and Tulsa were rejected and Earth was chosen. Marshall Kelley was appointed the first postmaster. Earth soon had several churches and business enterprises. Earth was incorporated in 1946 and continues to serve an area rich in agricultural diversification.