Industry
At Vale's Copper Cliff Smelter, nickel-copper ore is heated to high temperatures to extract valuable metals. The Superstack, the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world, has dominated the Sudbury skyline since the early 1970s. Sulphur reduction initiatives involving the Superstack led to a dramatic reduction in sulphur emissions. It was taken out of service in 2020 because the reduction became so significant that such a tall chimney was no longer needed, and it was replaced with two 137-metre tall chimneys that take less energy to operate.
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