Antelope Hills in far western Oklahoma, near the Texas Panhandle, long served as a prominent landmark on the southern plains for Plains Indians and later overland travelers. Formed from sediments washed east from the Rocky Mountains, the low, flat-topped hills rise sharply from the prairie. The area was used by prehistoric hunters and was noted by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado in 1541. It later lay within Comancheria, where the Comanche resisted outside settlement, and nearby conflict peaked at the Battle of Little Robe Creek in 1858. Control passed from Spain to France and then the United States before the region became part of Indian Territory, opened to non-Indian settlement, and eventually entered Oklahoma history as a recognized historic landscape.