MILITARY · HISTORICAL MARKER
St. Clair’s Defeat (1791) / Wayne’s Victory (1794)
Military
In 1791, after conflicts in the Ohio valley grew as American settlers pushed west and efforts at peaceful settlement failed, President George Washington sent General Arthur St. Clair to subdue Native resistance in the Ohio country. After an exhausting two month trek, St. Clair's ill-prepared troops camped on the Wabash River just east of the Ohio-Indiana state line, where Miami, Shawnee, and Delaware Indians attacked at dawn on November 4, 1791. By the end of the day, warriors led by Little Turtle and Blue Jacket had killed or wounded nearly three-quarters of the American force, inflicting the worst defeat ever suffered by the U.S. Army at Native American hands in a single battle. Afterward, Washington appointed General Anthony Wayne to command the U.S. Army, and Wayne's well organized, disciplined force established headquarters at Fort Greene Ville after leaving Fort Washington. In December 1793, Fort Recovery was built at the site of St. Clair's defeat, and on June 30, 1794, combined Native American forces launched a frontal attack on the fort. A two-day battle ended with the Native American confederation abandoning its assault on Fort Recovery, and that U.S. Army victory, together with the later victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, led to the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. The treaty opened the Ohio Country to peaceful settlement and helped lead to Ohio statehood in 1803.
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Fort Recovery, Ohio
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