INDUSTRY · HISTORICAL MARKER
Post World War II
Laguna, New Mexico
· Laguna Pueblo & Route 66
Industry
22
Laguna, like many pueblos, maintained a strong and self-sufficient agricultural system well into the twentieth century, but after World War II farming and sheep herding began to decline. Route 66 and later Interstate 40 affected farming and livestock production by forcing herders to move sheep across the highway or through limited underpasses and by dividing fields and restricting access to traditional farming areas. The post-World War II growth of local wage-labor jobs also drew some community members away from family farms and agricultural work. Highway-facilitated mining brought some of the greatest socio-economic changes at Laguna Pueblo, as the Jackpile Uranium Mine near Paguate, once the largest open pit uranium mine in North America, employed hundreds of workers from Laguna, Acoma, and neighboring communities, and the resulting income made automobile ownership commonplace. In the 1960s, the Pueblo of Laguna Council successfully negotiated with the New Mexico State Highway Department to realign Interstate 40 so it would avoid cutting through Old Laguna, New Laguna, Paraje, and Seama, and council-designated members worked with highway engineers to site each interchange between Mesita and Seama. This long negotiation also showed how Pueblo sovereignty could be undermined by the Pueblo Land Condemnation Act, and Laguna led a New Mexico Pueblo-wide effort to repeal it, succeeding in 1976 and requiring public agencies to negotiate more fairly for rights-of-way and other land transactions. Although Interstate 40 at first hurt small businesses along Route 66, Laguna Pueblo adapted by creating new businesses for motorists, including convenience centers and casino complexes, and in 2016 it owned two casinos and multiple service stations along Interstate 40. In 2012, the Pueblo of Laguna Council also approved a Bike and Transportation Route Master Plan that prioritized a roundabout at the intersection of NM 124, Old Route 66 Road, and Schoolhouse Road for safer bicycle, pedestrian, and vehicle travel.
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