Between 2001 and 2004, Anne Arundel County’s Lost Towns Project excavated in the neighboring community of Leitch in search of Herrington, circa 1660, one of Maryland’s earliest legislated port towns. Established by the Maryland General Assembly, Herrington occupied a strategic position for controlling taxation on exported tobacco, a staple of the local economy for more than 300 years. Its inhabitants were Protestant dissenters from England and Virginia with close ties to religious and political forces that influenced the colony and shaped the development of South County. Archaeologists and volunteers discovered Herrington about a mile south on a high flat area overlooking a cove on Herring Bay, near fresh water springs and aligned with a roadway that may date to the 17th century. Excavations uncovered evidence of two earthfast, or post-in-ground, buildings and a large collection of colonial-period artifacts, while archival research identified one-acre lots within the 100-acre settlement occupied by planters, merchants, and mariners. A 1671 map of the Chesapeake Bay confirms Herrington’s existence, but not its exact location, and further research is needed to determine why the town largely disappeared from the historical record by the early 18th century.