A mile southeast of Caldwell, the Chisholm Trail entered Kansas. It took its name from Jesse Chisholm, an Indian trader whose route lay between the North Canadian River and present Wichita. In 1867 the trail was extended from the Red River to Abilene when construction of the Union Pacific gave Texas cattle an Eastern market. More than a million head were driven over this long trail before the Santa Fe built south and shifted the drives to Newton in 1871 and to Wichita the next year. As incoming settlers in Kansas fenced off the land, drovers had abandoned the trail by 1876. In 1880, however, the railroad reached Caldwell, one mile north, and the drives resumed. An estimated two million longhorns were driven across the prairie here on a road that in many places was a quarter of a mile wide and as bare as a modern highway.