Spanish Hill in South Waverly, Pennsylvania, has long been notable for reported earthworks on its summit and for debate over whether it was Carantouan, the Native settlement recorded by Étienne Brûlé in 1615 during Samuel de Champlain’s mission. Early visitors and later local memories described embankments, ditches, and other features, but farming, development, and relic hunting obscured much of the evidence. Archaeological work found signs of Native habitation, though conclusions remained disputed. Set in a region long occupied by the Susquehannock, the hill also became a focus of local legend, commemoration, and preservation, especially after a 1970 threat of destruction for highway fill.