In 1774, beside a spring beneath Logan’s Elm, Logan, chief of the Mingoes and a friend of the whites, delivered an oration at the signing of a peace treaty between the chiefs of the Northwestern Indian tribes and the Virginia Militia following the Battle of Point Pleasant, West Virginia. In the speech, Logan said he had fed and clothed white men in need and had remained in his cabin as an advocate for peace during the last long and bloody war, and that his countrymen had called him the friend of white men. He said he had thought to live with them until Colonel Cresap, in the previous spring, murdered all Logan’s relatives in cold blood without provocation, including his women and children. Logan declared that this called on him for revenge, that he had sought it and killed many, but that for his country he rejoiced at the beams of peace, insisting that his joy was not the joy of fear because Logan never felt fear and would not turn on his heel to save his life. He ended by asking who was there to mourn for Logan and answering, not one. The treaty opened the Northwest Territory to settlement.