Wind Springs Ranch in northwestern Nebraska preserves a long record of human use in the Wind Springs Creek Valley. The present ranch complex, dating to about 1910, was the third European settlement on the property and has been used mainly for cattle and sheep. Earlier homesteads from the 1800s survive as archaeological remains, and the Fort Laramie to Spotted Tail Agency Road once crossed the ranch, with wagon ruts still visible. The property is especially significant for its archaeology: researchers have identified eighteen sites linked to European settlement and fifty-four tied to Native American occupation, including Paleoindian and Archaic-period evidence from several thousand years ago.