When Nicolet stepped ashore in 1634 not far from the present site of Green Bay, the Menominees were living in peace with their neighbors on both sides of the Menominee River, on the present sites of Menominee, Michigan, and Marinette, Wisconsin. Language and legend identify them as Algonquians, and their name, bestowed by the Chippewa, means "The People of the Wild Rice." As white settlers encroached on their lands and treaties were made with the U.S. Government, they moved reluctantly from place to place. By 1831, they had transferred to eastern Indians half a million acres at 4½ cents per acre and another half million acres to the Government at 5½ cents per acre, with the money to be paid in annuities. When Wisconsin became a Territory in 1836, they were compelled to sell 184,320 acres through the Fox River Valley for settlement and lumbering at 17 cents per acre, and they had to move again. In 1848 the Government sought to move them to the Crow Wing country of Minnesota, but under Chief Oshkosh they refused. In 1852 they moved up the Wolf River, where in 1854 they were granted ten townships, the present Menominee Indian Reservation.