The 1875 Land Ordinance organized land surveying into regular square six-mile townships and square one-mile sections. Surveyor General Edward Tiffin set the Michigan Meridian, a north-south line, using the 1807 Treaty of Detroit land cessions. On September 29, 1815, Benjamin Hough began surveying north from Fort Defiance, Ohio, while Alexander Holmes began surveying the meridian from a point 78 miles west of Detroit. Wet land forced Holmes to turn east and then north before starting the base line east. He quit that fall, but Hough completed the meridian and marked the initial point in 1816. Tiffin suspended surveying in 1816 because he believed the land was poor, unfit for military purposes, and not worth the expense of surveying. Michigan Territory Governor Lewis Cass directed surveys near Detroit to resume in 1817. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1821 increased industry and settlement and added to the need for further land surveys. In 1824 Joseph Wampler reran the last twelve miles of the meridian north to intersect the base line he had extended west about eighteen miles. For unknown reasons, he marked a second initial point 935.88 feet south of the first mark. Because land had already been surveyed and sold using the first point, surveyors used both initial points, the northern point for land east of the meridian and the southern point for land westward. The Michigan Survey continued through 1856, based on the dual initial points near where Jackson and Ingham Counties meet.