In 1962, Johnson Elementary School became the third Charlottesville public school to desegregate after a lawsuit brought by the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In 1958-59, Venable Elementary School and Lane High School had been closed for five months as part of "massive resistance" to avoid court-ordered desegregation, but after a modified reopening in the spring and another NAACP court victory in the fall, twelve black students began attending those schools on September 8, 1959. Further integration was then minimized, and other city schools remained segregated. Charlottesville NAACP president Eugene Williams and his wife, Lorraine, a teacher in Charlottesville's City Schools, sued to allow their daughters to transfer from all-black Jefferson Elementary to all-white Johnson Elementary, while fifteen other students and their parents also sought transfers to Venable and Lane. Appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, Dillard v. School Board of the City of Charlottesville forced Charlottesville City Schools to stop the discriminatory handling of school transfer requests. As a result, on October 24, 1962, Karol and Scheryl Williams and Michael Lewis and Rosalind Whitlock integrated Johnson Elementary after their transfer requests were approved. The ruling had significant impact across the state and country, and widespread integration of Charlottesville's schools followed from 1965-1966, though the work for true racial equality continued.