Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Mississippi, part of the Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex, was established in 1978 and spans 38,697 acres. It includes a 21,000-acre bottomland forest that is among the largest remaining in the lower Mississippi River alluvial floodplain. Subtle differences in elevation shape its habitats, with distinct oaks and other trees occupying ridges, transitional ground, and swamp. Reforested tracts and agricultural areas further diversify the landscape. The refuge is especially significant for wildlife, providing winter habitat for more than 100,000 waterfowl, supporting 200 species of neotropical migratory songbirds, and sheltering animals such as alligators, deer, otters, rabbits, turkeys, mink, and raccoons.