Hopewell Furnace, also called Ozeoro, was built one-half mile north in 1848 by Wm. L. Hiter, Wm. Lewis, and Henry F. Given. A brick stack 30 feet high and 9 feet in maximum inner diameter, it was charcoal-fueled and powered with air blast by steam. In 33 weeks of 1856 it produced 1096 tons of pig iron from locally mined ore. It was rebuilt in 1857 and ceased operating in 1859. Kentucky had been a major iron producer since 1791, ranking third in the U.S. in the 1830s and eleventh in 1965. Charcoal timber, native ore, and limestone supplied material for numerous furnaces that made pig iron, utensils, and munitions in the Hanging Rock, Red River, Between Rivers, Rolling Fork, and Green River regions. The charcoal-furnace era ended in the 1880s with the depletion of ore and timber and the use of modern methods.