The Battle of Brown's Mill killed or wounded about 100 of McCook's men, while Wheeler's casualties probably numbered fewer than 50. Nurse Fannie Beers, who reached the battlefield shortly after the fighting ended, wrote that the dead lay on every side, singly and in groups and piles, with men and horses in some cases apparently inextricably mingled, and a veteran Confederate cavalryman called it the greatest slaughter he ever saw in front of a cavalry line. In Newnan, Confederate hospitals treated the wounded on both sides and buried those who died in the cemetery just north of town. Three years later, the United States Army removed the remains of approximately 34 Union soldiers from Newnan and the Brown's Mill battlefield and reburied them in the National Cemetery at Marietta, Georgia, where they still rest, most in graves bearing the epitaph "Unknown." During the days following the battle, Wheeler's cavalrymen herded nearly 1,300 captured Yankees into Newnan and confined them in a two-story cotton warehouse on Perry Street between the courthouse and the railroad depot. After railroad damage at Palmetto and Lovejoy's Station was repaired, trains carried the captives to prisoner of war camps at Macon and Andersonville, where many later died from malnutrition, disease, and exposure. Wheeler's outnumbered troopers had out-marched, outmaneuvered, and out-fought Sherman's cavalry, and their victory at Brown's Mill on July 30, together with Stoneman's defeat at the Battle of Sunshine Church on July 31, foiled what Wheeler called the most stupendous cavalry operation of the war and changed the way the Atlanta campaign was fought. The loss of so many men and horses compelled Sherman to change his tactics; with his cavalry crippled and his infantry stopped short of East Point at the Battle of Ezra Church on July 28, he reluctantly resorted to a siege. When constant shelling failed to dislodge Atlanta's defenders, Sherman sent Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick south on August 18 to succeed where McCook and Stoneman had failed. Kilpatrick tore up 1½ miles of track at Jonesboro, but within three days Rebel supply trains were rolling into Atlanta again. Convinced that cavalry could not or would not work hard enough to disable a railroad properly, Sherman lifted the siege on the night of August 25 and marched his entire army around the west side of Atlanta to destroy the city's railroads. Two days of bloody fighting at Jonesboro forced the Confederates to abandon Atlanta on the night of September 1, and the next morning the city surrendered. News of Sherman's victory helped assure President Lincoln's reelection at a crucial moment in American history, but that victory would have come sooner if Joe Wheeler had not won the Battle of Brown's Mill. In 1863, Confederates wounded in battles to defend Atlanta were sent to Newnan, where they were cared for in hospitals established in warehouses, churches, the courthouse, and tents on the courthouse square. From late 1863 until late summer 1864, four hospitals operated in Newnan: Bragg, Foard, Buckner, and Gamble, with I. B. Gamble as surgeon-in-charge.