Through the joint efforts of Dr. Booker T. Washington, president of Tuskegee University, and Julius Rosenwald, a Jewish American philanthropist, more than 200 schools and related buildings were constructed in rural Black communities in East Texas. Previously, racism severely limited educational opportunities for Black children. The program cooperatively brought together Blacks, Whites, and Rosenwald in building 536 school projects across Texas. The Black community in Texas contributed an estimated $390,000, while Rosenwald contributed $419,376. Tuskegee University provided building plans and helped coordinate Black efforts. Black communities provided land, money, and labor, as did White school districts, and the Rosenwald Fund provided matching grants. Many of the schools were two-to-four-room buildings. The Rosenwald Fund closed in 1948 after building 5,388 schools and buildings in the 15 states of the South. Texas Historically Black Colleges, including Texas College, Wiley, Huston-Tillotson, Bishop, Jarvis, Butler, Paul Quinn, Prairie View College, and others, educated many of the teachers needed for the schools. Schools and education became the keys to transforming the future.