Taylor’s Tavern

At the beginning of the war, Union commanders were uncertain of Confederate intentions and military capabilities. On June 22, 1861, civilian balloonist Thaddeus S.C. Lowe inflated his racing balloon Enterprise at the Washington Gas Company to demonstrate its potential for obtaining military information about Confederate troop movements. With the assistance of a 15-man army detachment, he walked the balloon to Taylor's Tavern at the edge of Union territory on the Falls Church heights. On June 24-25, Lowe made several tethered ascents, the first aerial reconnaissance in American military history. Over a 34-day period in late summer, Lowe made 23 flights from Fort Corcoran and Ball's Cross Roads, present-day Ballston. These ascents drew the first rifled artillery fire at a balloon from Confederate positions. In September, he implemented another first when he used signal flags to direct artillery fire from a balloon at the area of Falls Church where Confederate J.E.B. Stuart's troops were celebrating their commander's promotion to Brigadier General. On September 29, the Confederates withdrew to the south and west. Appointed chief of the newly formed U.S. Army Aeronautical Corps, Lowe commanded seven balloons, eight aeronauts, and 12 portable generators used to inflate the balloons. Lowe was replaced in May 1863, and the Corps rapidly disintegrated.

Falls Church, Virginia · United States