Oliver Observing Station is a professional astronomical observatory in the Los Padres National Forest of central California, operated by the Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy and named for Barnard M. Oliver. Its mountain location is prized for dark, stable skies, with especially strong observing conditions noted in 1970 and described in greater detail in 1997. The surrounding landscape helps limit light from some directions, though pollution has increased to the east over time. Its main instrument, a 36-inch Cassegrain reflector built by Dr. Frank Melsheimer, uses a mirror from Project Stratoscope, linking the observatory to earlier advances in modern astronomical instrumentation.