The Santa Fe Through Time Historical Walk is a brick switchback path rising from Paseo de Peralta to the Cross of the Martyrs, where visitors are rewarded with sweeping views of The Plaza and the surrounding valley while passing twenty plaques that trace local history from 500 AD to the present. At the top stands a steel cross commemorating the 21 Franciscan friars killed during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, a major coordinated uprising led by Popé of San Juan Pueblo and organized at Taos Pueblo, in which Native forces killed about 400 Spaniards and forced the survivors to flee to El Paso del Norte. Popé led the pueblos for roughly twelve years, and although the Spanish reconquered the region in 1692, the revolt permanently reshaped relations between the Spanish and Pueblo peoples.