Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, officially became a village in 1879, later than its Westchester neighbors, but it was already an established community of 1,228 people with the mixed character of both factory town and country village. Along the river were mills, modest homes, boarding houses, and many bars, while the hills above held farms, grand estates, summer houses, and growing numbers of homes for commuters. Its name may have come from an early settler, from former residents of a lost 18th-century Hastings on Long Island Sound, or from William Saunders, a British immigrant and owner of the village's first factory, who thought the Palisades resembled the cliffs near Hastings on England's south coast; until the early 20th century it was called Hastings-Upon-Hudson. Arrowheads and ancient trails suggest Native Americans, probably Algonquins, camped and hunted here, and after the Dutch arrived in the 17th century the area became part of the Philipse family holdings stretching from the Bronx to Croton. Because the Philipses sided with the British during the American Revolution, their land was later divided and auctioned to speculators and local farmers. During the Revolution, a blacksmith's shop and Peter Post's tavern served both sides, and in September 1778 Post overheard a conversation about a northbound raiding party of British-hired Hessians from Yonkers, warned American forces, and helped set up an ambush near the Edgars farm in what became known as the Battle of Edgars Lane; he was badly beaten by the British but later became a major landowner. Washington Irving also speculated in Hastings land between 1814 and 1817 but lost money. Water power from a stream and later the Hudson River drew manufacturing to Hastings, and after the railroad arrived in 1849 industrialization expanded with axel and cable mills, sugar refineries, an asphalt paving block works, and a chemical plant. Quarrying, probably the village's first industry, began in the 1830s with small marble and granite quarries supplying building stone along the eastern seaboard, while the Croton Aqueduct, built in the 1840s to carry fresh water to Manhattan, later became one of the village's public paths. In the 1950s the sculptor Jacque Lipchitz settled in Hastings, and one of his works stands in front of Village Hall. Over the years Hastings attracted many notable residents, including Giuseppe Garibaldi in the summer of 1850, David Farragut during the Civil War, painters Carl Brandt, George Harvey, and Jasper Cropsey, the scientist John William Draper and his family, Lewis Hine, Richmond Shreve, Florenz Ziegfeld and Billie Burke, Frank Morgan, Leonard Rose, Jonathan Winters, Kenneth Clark, and at least four Nobel Prize winners. In 1930, 66% of Hastings' 7,097 residents were foreign born, mostly from Eastern Europe or the British Isles, and seventy-five years later the population was nearly the same while 22 different foreign languages were spoken in students' homes, with Spanish the largest share; the village's diversity endured even as its details changed.