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The Arthur G.Dozier School for Boys
History
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The Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys, also known as the Florida State Reform School, the Florida School for Boys, and the Florida Industrial School for Boys, was a State of Florida reform school in Marianna, Florida, that operated from January 1, 1900 to June 30, 2011. Children were sent there for serious crimes as well as minor offenses such as "incorrigibility," "truancy," and "dependency." As early as 1901, reports surfaced of children being chained to walls in irons, brutal whippings, and involuntary servitude. School documents recorded 100 deaths through 1960, including two staff members and 98 boys ages 6 to 18, and families were often notified only after burial or denied access to remains. In 1955, the Okeechobee School opened to address overcrowding, where similar practices were implemented. In 2005, former students began publishing accounts of the abuse they had experienced. Beginning in 2008, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement investigated 32 unmarked graves on the Marianna campus after complaints by former students. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice launched an investigation and found reasonable cause to believe that a pattern of unconstitutional practices and violations of federal law had occurred. The school closed in 2011. That year, the University of South Florida began research that included excavations, exhumations, a forensics team, ground penetrating radar, and archaeological test excavations to detect graves. During its investigation, the university excavated 55 graves at the Marianna campus. In 2016, the Florida Legislature approved funding for each child whose body was buried and exhumed to cover funeral, reinterment, and grave marker expenses. In 2017, lawmakers funded reinterments and grave markers in Jackson County and Tallahassee and issued resolutions apologizing to the boys confined at the Marianna and Okeechobee campuses, and to their families, for the wrongs they endured.
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