Fort Grant, on the slope of Mount Graham in Arizona, evolved through successive roles that trace the region’s frontier and institutional history. Established in 1860 as Fort Breckinridge, it was abandoned at the start of the Civil War, reoccupied by California Column troops as Fort Stanford, and later used by the U.S. Army as Camp Grant. After the 1872 Camp Grant Massacre, the post moved to its present site, where it protected settlers during conflicts with Apache warriors and figured in episodes involving Billy the Kid, the Wham Paymaster robbery, and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Abandoned by the army in 1905, it later became a state school and then an Arizona prison.