FAITH · HISTORICAL MARKER
Missions in Baja California
Camp Pendleton South, California
· Jesuits 1683-1767 / Dominicans 1773-1855
Faith
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Jesuits founded nineteen missions in Baja California over a seventy-year period, beginning with Nuestra Señora de Loreto de Conchó in 1697, the first permanent Jesuit mission, founded by Father Juan Ma. de Salvatierra. The Jesuits helped shape the development of the Baja California peninsula by evangelizing, introducing cultural practices, and creating an economic system that helped sustain the missions and changed the lives of the indigenous people. Father Eusebio Kino first convinced Spanish authorities to evangelize and colonize the peninsula, Father Juan Ma. de Salvatierra inspired missionaries to establish the first missions and towns there, and Father Juan de Ugarte, recognized by historians as a pillar in the development of the Californias and the Father of Agriculture, brought and spread agriculture, livestock breeding, construction, and textiles. Dominicans founded nine missions in Baja California over an eighty-two-year period, beginning with Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario in 1774, founded by Father Vicente Mora. They took control of uninhabited and deteriorating Jesuit missions in Baja California and established new missions to the north to supply goods and help secure the Franciscan missions in California. Father Vicente Mora was president of the Dominican Order in California, Father Francisco Palóu established the Mojonera de Palóu as the frontier boundary between Franciscan and Dominican mission jurisdictions, and Father Luis Sales established the frontier twenty-two kilometers north of that of Palóu at Arroyo El Descanso, twenty-five kilometers south of Tijuana, and was one of the few Dominicans who wrote testimonials about his work in the peninsula in his book "News of the California Province."
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