San Felipe de Austin, the first Anglo-American capital of Texas, came into being on July 26, 1828, as the capital of the Austin Colony by decree of the Mexican government. Stephen F. Austin, called the Father of Texas, had begun under the 1821 grant from Mexico the settlement of more than 1,000 families. The original colony ran from the coast on the south to the old San Antonio Road on the north, and from the Lavaca River on the west to the San Jacinto River on the east. In this first American town in Texas lived Austin, William Barret Travis, Sam Houston, David G. Burnet, and Jane Long. All settlers crossed its threshold for land grants. After the organization of other colonies, it continued to be the recognized center of Texas. It was the capital of the Mexican Department of Brazos, the site of the Conventions of 1832 and 1833 and the Consultation of 1835, where Texans aired grievances and tried to reach understanding with Mexico. The provisional government created with Henry Smith as governor in 1835 functioned here until it gave way to the convention declaring Texas independent of Mexico on March 2, 1836.