Wilson-Tuscarora State Park in Niagara County lies along the south shore of Lake Ontario at the mouth of Twelve-Mile Creek. Established in 1965, it covers about 386 acres where people swim, fish, canoe, birdwatch, and picnic. Recovering from earlier logging and agricultural use, the landscape is now dominated by successional field, shrubland, northern hardwood habitat communities, as well as wetlands and mature forests. Lake Ontario supports a wide variety of fish species and aquatic plant life; smallmouth bass, yellow perch, bullhead, and walleye pike have lived in these waters for hundreds of years, while Chinook and coho salmon and brown and rainbow trout are stocked, and round goby and sea lamprey were accidentally introduced. The lake is 193 miles long, 53 miles wide, has an elevation of 243 feet, a retention time of 6 years, a volume of 393 cubic miles, an average depth of 283 feet, and a maximum depth of 802 feet. About 13,000 years ago, meltwater from a receding ice sheet formed glacial Lake Warren; as waters spread east, overflow created Lake Tonawanda between the Niagara and Onondaga Escarpments, and after Lake Tonawanda's four eastern outlets dried up, the Lewiston outlet formed the Niagara River and the Lewiston Branch Gorge as the initial, smaller Niagara Falls dropped over the Niagara Escarpment. Lake Ontario, one of the five Great Lakes containing nearly 20% of the world's fresh water, is believed by geologists to be about 6,000 years old, descending from post-glacial Lake Iroquois, which formed 12,500 years ago when meltwater began flowing over the Niagara Escarpment to the south. As the Wisconsin glacier retreated north and opened the St. Lawrence channel, lake levels fell and a new drainage path to the Atlantic Ocean formed; Lake Ontario also received the outflow of the other Great Lakes through the Niagara River 12 miles west. Along its shore live gulls, herons, terns, kingfishers, and many waterfowl, and near the park a gravel bar supports bushy cinquefoil, an endangered plant species in New York State.