Camp Allegheny, also known as Camp Baldwin and Camp Johnson, was constructed in the summer of 1861 by Confederate forces to control the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike in present-day Pocahontas County Route 3. After the October 3, 1861 battle at Camp Bartow, General Henry R. Jackson, C.S.A., moved his forces about nine miles southeast to this position, where the Confederate army established winter quarters under the command of Colonel Edward Johnson of the 12th Georgia Infantry Regiment. Aside from minor skirmishes with Federal pickets, the soldiers settled into preparing for a harsh mountain winter until December 13, 1861, when 1,900 Federal soldiers under General Robert H. Milroy attacked. Poor timing by the Union troops allowed the 1,200 Confederate defenders to turn back each assault separately, and throughout the roughly seven hours of confused fighting, advantage ebbed and flowed before the Federals withdrew to Cheat Summit Fort. The Federals suffered about 137 casualties and the Confederates about 146. After the battle, the post returned to the often dull routine of service in a remote outpost during a severe winter in which measles, pneumonia, and other diseases caused many deaths. The Confederates abandoned Camp Allegheny in April 1862 because of supply difficulties and camp conditions, though the site was reoccupied for short periods later in the war during raiding campaigns in the area. Much of the locale still appears as it did in 1861, with remains of earth and rock fortifications, cabin foundations, and collapsed chimneys marking the living quarters, and the fortification stands at 4,400 feet above mean sea level, the highest-altitude fortification in the eastern Civil War theater.