Prejudice against foreigners, poor leadership, and circumstances worked against German-born Gen. Franz Sigel and his troops. Sigel reached the Battle of Cedar Mountain late after leaving Sperryville on August 8, 1862, because of confusing orders. In September, his corps became the Army of the Potomac's XI Corps under Gen. Oliver O. Howard, bore the brunt of Stonewall Jackson's flank attack at Chancellorsville in May 1863, and then faced the initial wave of Confederate attacks on the first day at Gettysburg. The men became scapegoats for the rout at Chancellorsville and for a time were called the Flying Dutchmen. Despite such stereotypes, Sigel's corps included many notable and courageous officers and soldiers who camped here in 1862. Capt. Hubert Dilger of the 1st Ohio Light Artillery was with Sigel's corps in Sperryville in 1862 and, during Jackson's flank attack at Chancellorsville in 1863, fought until the enemy were upon him, then formed the rear guard with one gun hauled by hand and was the last man in the retreat, earning the Medal of Honor; after the war, he made his home at Greenfield in nearby Warren County. Gen. Julius Stahel, among the hundreds of Hungarians who served in the U.S. Army during the Civil War, had served in the Austrian army, fought for Hungarian independence in 1848, fled after the rebellion was crushed, settled in the United States in 1859, helped raise the 8th New Infantry in 1861 with Louis Blenker, served in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862 and 1864, and received the Medal of Honor for leading his division into action until he was severely wounded at the Battle of Piedmont on June 5, 1864; after the war, he had a long career in the U.S. consular service. Marie Brose "French Mary" Tepe served as a vivandière first with the 27th Pennsylvania, which camped here, and then with the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry; women in that role were authorized to accompany regiments as canteen-bearers, cooks, seamstresses, and nurses, and occasionally also acted as soldiers, and after Chancellorsville in May 1863 Tepe received the Kearny Medal for meritorious and distinguished service. Capt. Ulric Dahlgren, son of Adm. John Dahlgren, served in Sperryville as one of Sigel's staff officers and later as his chief of artillery, became one of the youngest colonels in the Union army, intercepted a dispatch during the Gettysburg Campaign indicating that Gen. Robert E. Lee did not plan to attack Washington and thereby contributed to the Union decision to fight at Gettysburg, lost a leg in a skirmish afterward, and in 1864 led the cavalry raid on Richmond that bears his name; after he was killed, papers found on his body suggested he planned to assassinate Confederate President Jefferson Davis, though whether the plot was real remains debated. Gen. Robert C. Schenck, an early opponent of slavery and supporter of Lincoln who had served in the U.S. Congress from 1843 to 1851, commanded the 1st Division under Sigel in Sperryville in 1862; a wound at the Second Battle of Manassas ended his field service, after which he strongly opposed reconciliation with the South, won an Ohio congressional seat in 1863 by defeating Clement Vallandigham, served until 1870 including 4 years as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and as ambassador to Great Britain introduced poker to the court and wrote the first book of rules.