Harpers Ferry National Historical Park preserves nearly 3,000 acres tied to industrial development and weapons production at the Harpers Ferry armory, John Brown's raid and his attempt to end slavery, Civil War fighting between Union and Confederate armies in this border area for four years, and Black history from slavery to Storer College, chartered to educate men and women of all races and becoming one of the first institutions of higher learning for Black Americans. Its areas include Lower Town, with restored 19th-century buildings, exhibits, media presentations, and ranger-conducted programs; Virginius Island, where the ruins of a once-thriving 19th-century industrial town stand along the Shenandoah River; Camp Hill, with Harper Cemetery and old armory buildings devastated by civil war and later used as classrooms for Storer College; Maryland Heights, with ruins of Civil War forts and campgrounds; Loudoun Heights, reached by the historic Appalachian Trail in the Blue Ridge; Bolivar Heights, associated with Abraham Lincoln and Stonewall Jackson; the Union Skirmish Line, site of the final infantry engagement during the 1862 battle; Jackson's Right Flank, where Jackson directed movements that sealed the Federals' fate; and Short Hill, once the site of a water-powered industrial community.