Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge protects wildlife habitat around Lake Lowell west of Nampa, Idaho, and across 101 Snake River islands in Idaho and eastern Oregon. Its open water, wetlands, forests, grasslands, uplands, and croplands support breeding mammals and birds and provide an important resting and wintering stop for migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway; it has been recognized as a Globally Important Bird Area by the American Bird Conservancy. The refuge grew from an early twentieth-century reclamation project at Deer Flat Reservoir, begun after the 1902 Reclamation Act, and expanded through later conservation work, public recreation, and the 1963 consolidation with the Snake River Islands Refuge.