The removal of the Potawatomi Indians from northern Indiana to Kansas took place from September to November 1838, when nearly 900 Indians were rounded up by soldiers and marched at gunpoint for 61 days over 618 miles, with so many dying and being buried by the roadside that the journey became known as the Trail of Death. General John Tipton captured Menominee's village at Twin Lakes, closed Father Petit's chapel, sent soldiers out to bring in and enroll Indians, and prepared the emigrating party with wagons, horses, and jailed chiefs including Menominee, Black Wolf, and Pepinawa. The march moved from Twin Lakes through Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and into Kansas, with repeated delays, sickness, births, escapes, burials, religious services by Father Petit, and continuing shortages of water and hardship from dust, cold, rain, and disease. Leadership later passed from Tipton to Wm. Polke, and Judge Police conducted the Indians on toward Kansas. On reaching Pottawattomie Creek, Pe-Pish-Kay declared that they had been taken from homes affording them plenty and brought to a desert and wilderness to be scattered. Jesse C. Douglas, enrolling agent, recorded a total of 39 deaths, and the descendants of those on the Trail of Death today are the Citizen Band of Potawatomie in Oklahoma and the Prairie Band of Potawatomie in Kansas, who prefer the spelling Potawatomie.