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NATURE · HISTORICAL MARKER
"The Peaks"
Nature
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The Peaks dominate the horizon, rising 12,633 feet to Arizona's highest point. Visible for miles from all directions, they stand guard over a land that has long sustained people in spirit and natural resources, and all of the region's Native peoples revere them. Spanish friars christened these peaks San Francisco Mountain in 1629 to honor Saint Francis of Assisi. Earlier Spanish explorers, surprised that such large mountains did not spawn lakes or streams, charted them as the Sierra Sin Agua, or mountains without water. By contrast, most Native names for the peaks refer to a mountain with life-giving moisture. This immense stratovolcano captures large amounts of rain and snowfall, yet surface water is scarce because moisture drains rapidly through fractured bedrock and much of it is absorbed by porous volcanic rock. The Little Colorado, the closest river, is connected to the peaks by drainage but rarely receives water directly. San Francisco Mountain is sculpted into four peaks: Agassiz, Humphreys, Fremont, and Doyle, and it bounded many traditional homelands and was a shared landscape for the region's indigenous groups.
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