As the United States grew and people moved west, contact with Native Americans led to conflict, and the United States government responded by making treaties with them. The first treaty that included the Black Hills was the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, under which tribes agreed to allow travelers, railroad surveyors, and construction workers to enter tribal lands safely, allow the government to establish posts and roads, pay for wrongdoing by their people, select head chiefs to deal with U.S. government agents, and cease fighting with other tribes. In return, the United States was to protect Indians from U.S. citizens and deliver annuities if the treaty terms were upheld. Further conflict followed after gold was discovered in Montana and the Bozeman Trail crossed Sioux treaty lands. The Lakota declared they would wage war to remove travelers on the Bozeman Trail and the army fort until they were removed, leading to the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. That treaty set aside a 25 million acre tract for the Lakota and Dakota, including all land in South Dakota west of the Missouri River, as the Great Sioux Reservation; allowed Dakota and Lakota hunting in parts of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota until the buffalo were gone; provided for an agency, grist mill, and school on the reservation; and provided for land allotments to individual Indians as well as clothing, blankets, and food rations for Dakotas and Lakotas living within the reservation. In return for Sioux agreement to remain within this smaller land area, the federal government would remove military forts in the Powder River area and prevent non-Indian settlement on their lands. The treaty guaranteed the Sioux absolute and undisturbed use of the Great Sioux Reservation and declared that no cession of reservation land would be valid unless signed by at least three-fourths of all adult male Indians occupying or interested in it.